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指导学生利用上下文解完形填空(高三研讨会交流)

发表时间:2013/4/6 15:12:20



指导学生利用上下文解完形填空
指导学生利用上下文解完形填空(高三研讨会交流)

【摘要】:为了更好完成完形填空的教学任务和提高学生的完形水平,在教学中要不断探讨更好、更高效、更便于掌握的技巧指导,同时加强练习力度,使学生充分理解应用每一技法,调动学生动脑、动手、动口,做到细化、消化。通过准备详实的材料,制定周密的教学案,引导学生一步步走向完形知识体系的内核,由表及里,由浅入深,优化学习方法。教师在教学过程中秉承积极严谨的工作态度,探索科学高效的方法,准确传达到学生,并安排好课上课下的衔接。
【关键词】: 完形填空 上下文 指导 逻辑 线索 练习
一、课题背景
完形填空题因为综合性特别强,考察的面很广,集知识型试题和能力型试题为一体,既测试考生在词语辨析、词的用法及搭配、语法、单句理解的能力,还测试考生语篇理解和综合运用语言结构能力,所以在整个高考备考中地位非常重要,无论老师还是学生都极其重视完形填空的测练。近年来,高考试题中完形填空题又有了新的变化:试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽,综合难度不断提高,特别强调对语篇及上下文的理解和应用。不仅要求考生具有扎实的基础知识,同时还得具备灵活运用语言知识,逻辑思维能力以及与其他相关学科的基本常识相互整合的分析能力。正因为该题型难度大,区分度高,是考生们的主要失分题,所以我在教学过程中,对完形填空的教学格外留意,尤其是针对利用上下文解题的课题,我通过教学实践以及向其他教师请教学习,并不断借鉴他人优秀教学成果,得出了如下一些心得,总结归纳起来,用以指导以后的教学。
二、方法指导
……(新文秘网https://www.wm114.cn省略1076字,正式会员可完整阅读)…… 
do not cry enough. And it is possible that as more and more women work outside the home, they will 5 suffer from more pressure. Then everyone will need to cry more.
因为文章长度和设空的增加,所给时间相应延长。
第一步:限定学生在50秒内快速锁定关键词:Doctors say,heart disease,the pressure,suffer from,need to cry more, 判断文体:说明文
第二步:再45秒判断文章结构:分总式;找出结论句:第末句。
第三步:又2分钟组织语言,总结本段大意,跳过或忽略所设的空:在美国男人比女人爱得心脏病,医生说心脏病和其他疾病与现代社会生活和工作压力有关。可能男人受这些疾病的折磨更多,(因为)他们哭得不够。而且越来越多的女人外出工作,她们将受更多的压力。那么所有人都需要多哭。
[例3] Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right below their windows. She was 1 neighbor. Yet 2 of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police.
John Barley and Bib Fatane went beyond the headlines to research into the 3 why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps 4 he can help. First, he has to notice that it is 5 emergency. Is the smoke coming into the room 6 a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and 7 important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, 8 the person won’t get the help he needs.
本段更长更复杂,给的时间要更长。
第一步:判断第一段的作用:引出下文话题;第二段结构:总分式;找出主题句:第二句;判断文体:说明文。
第二步:找出文中的信息词:watched,being killed,Yet,Not one even,research into,why,two steps,First,tell ,faced with,Second,feel,must,won’t。
第三步:总结本段大意:(略)
上课初始,学生有短暂的矜持,鼓励下,加之开始的难度小,课堂逐渐转入活跃。除了必要的点拨性语言和收束语,基本是学生在说,他们相互更正着、补充着,把一篇篇短文理解透彻,很好的完成了预期任务。
同时不要忽略课下的延伸训练,所以本节课结束,布置了下面的作业:
理解段文,并根据给出的首写字母填入合适的词使短文连贯完整:
“ I used to think that trade was simple --- someone has something you want and you swap it for something they want. But the more I learned, the more I 1)r that world trade doesn’t work like that at all. Many poor people could achieve a better life by selling their
2)p to rich countries at a decent price, but the rules of world trade are rigged against them. Every day millions of people are denied the opportunity to trade their way to a better life. Unfair trade rules mean that families don’t have enough to eat, can’t 3)a to send their children to school, and don’t enjoy basic employment rights.”
“We’re all in this together. All the world’s a marketplace, and all of us us ……(未完,全文共12697字,当前仅显示3020字,请阅读下面提示信息。收藏《指导学生利用上下文解完形填空(高三研讨会交流)》
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