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浅论我国信访制度的改革(1)

发表时间:2011/8/30 22:29:11


浅论我国信访制度的改革

内容提要

信访是公民、法人和其他组织采用书信、电话、走访等形式,向各级人民政府、县级以上各级人民政府所属部门反映情况,提出意见、建议和要求,依法应当山有关行政机关处理的活动。信访制度就是信访人向国家机关提出信访事项的过程,调整信访活动的各个参与主体的权利义务关系的•系列规则、程式的统称。它是我国_建设过程中的一项具有_的制度。
当前我国止处于关键的社会转型时期,改革和发展中产生许多的问题,如法律不完备,执法不严、司法不公和政策偏失等等,各种问题和矛盾通过不同渠道集中到各级信访结构,并不断地向_国家有关机关聚集,信访大户、重复访、访频繁发生,使首都_及部分省会城市面临很大的_压力,信访制度承载了整个社会变革转型及_的重任,表现出对解决问题的不力和不适应。信访制度的改革也成为社会公众关注的焦点。本文主要从以下五个大的方面就信访制度的基本理论、问题及改革作出研究和探讨。

第一部分为信访制度概述。本文分七个方面对信访的概念、性质和功能、历史发展、机构设置、调整范围、信访主体的权利义务、信访活动的类型和特点作了阐述:(一)、信访制度的概念(略)(二)、信访制度的性质和功能1、关于信访制度的性质,信访制度是宪法保障的公民民主权利的制度,信访制度是一种特殊的行政救济制度,是体现政治沟通的制度;2、信访制度的功能:(1)信访是人民群众政治参与、利益表达的制度性方式,也是维护和实现人民群众经济利益和民.主权利的重要手段:C2)信访是个体权利对公共权力的控制,是公民监督行_力、司法权力的有效途径;(3)信访制度是党和政府及其负责人密切联系群众,了解社情民意的一种制度化形式;(4)信访制度深化_合法性,维护_;(5 )信访工作对建设小康社会和构建_和谐社会的独特作用。(三)、信访制度的历史发展,从古代的直诉制度说起,追溯到新中国信访制度的建立,从中可以看到现行信访制度与我国古代的直诉制度存在继承和连续关系。(四)、我国信访机构的建制及运作程序:本文阐述了我国信访机构庞大分散,归日不一,规格较低,缺乏解决问题的资源和实际权力,以及信访_L作件,的“分级负责,归口办理”的运作程序。(五)信访制度的调整范围:虽然信访条例规定了对国家机关、农村、城市基层组织及其工作人员、成员的职务行为,信访人均可向有关行政机关提出信访事项,同时又作出了“对依法应当通过诉讼、仲裁、行政复议等法定途径解决的投诉请求,信访人应当依照有关法律、行政法规规定的程序向有关机关提出。”的限制,但信访机构在实践中更习惯于将信访事项层层向下级转送、交办。(六)信访主体的权利义务:信访法律关系的主体包括:信访人、信访机构、承办机关,信访人信访活动中享有“批评、建议、中诉、控告和检举”的权利,同时也承担“不得捏造或者歪曲事实进行诬告陷害”的义务。承办机关享有依法查清事实和处理信访事项的权利和义务,信访机构享有依法登一记、交办、转送信访人提出的信访事项的权利义务,也具有对承办机关的督查权和建议追
……(新文秘网https://www.wm114.cn省略2033字,正式会员可完整阅读)…… 
构违反条例的习惯做法;(2)依法保障公民正当行使信访权利,维持正常的信访秩序,从政绩考核机制和责任追究制度两个方面进行保障;(3)建立_信访信息系统,构建网络平台,实现资源共享;(4)提高信访工作人员的素质,适应新时期新形势信访工作的需要;(5)规范政府决策的法律非诉可行性分析,对政府决策提出“信访评估”的模式,确保决策科学化、民主化、法制化;(6)司法部门信访制度改革;(7)改革和创新监察制度,建议信访部门和监察部门合并;(8)发挥社会团体、墓层组织在解决社会矛盾和问题中的作用:2远期方案是:(1)维护表达权和抗议权等基本公民权利,进一步落实和发展_的民主;(2)撤消各级政府及其职能部门的信访机构,把信访职能集中到各级人民代表大会,通过人民代表监督一府两院的I=作。改革的具体措施是:1)建立_人大信访网;2)组织各级人民代表对本选区的重要信访案件进行调查和督办;3)建立监督专员制度,强化利益表达和法律监督功能;})逐步扩大在中国_领导一F的人大代表直接选举范围;(3)科学划分_和地方政府之间的权限范围,合理构建问责制,依法规范上一卜级政府的关系;(五)与信访制度有关的支持保障机制的改革。1司法_改革,改革财政、人事_,保障司法独立;加快审判制度改革,运用有效的规则,制衡法官的_裁量权;加强法律援助司法救助::I.作,降低当事人的诉讼成木;2修改行政复议法、行政诉讼法、国家赔偿法,使之充分发挥公民的权利救济功能:3实现政府结构性转型,重塑政府的公信力,自觉维护政府的信誉,树立政府坦率、坦白、坦然的品质。4建立民意表达机制和现代新闻制度,引一导媒体止确的履行监督职责。5培育现代公民的_I:体意识、权利意识和社会责任意识,营造崇尚法律的社会氛围。

第五部分为结语。信访制度在一定时期和一定程度上听取社会弱势_的呼
声,实现社会止义等方面起到一定的权利救济作用。但归根结底是人治社会的产物,不利于纠纷的解决和人权的保障,撤消或强化信访制度都是不正确的,应对我国信访制度、司法_及配套措施进行改革,弱化信访制度的权利救济功能,直至仅仅承担公民的利益表达和民情反映功能。
关键词:信访制度 问题 改革

AbstractPetition refers to the activities that citizens, legal persons and other organizationsusing mails, telephone calls, visits, in order to e*press their views, suggestions andrequests to the peoples governments at all levels, the certaing departments of peoplesgovernments at above the county levels. Petition system is the the process thatpetitioners state their petition issues. And also a series of rules, programs that adjustthe various activities involved in the rights and obligations of the joiners. It is asystem with Chinas characteristics in the process of building socialism.
At present, China is at a critical period of social transition, reform anddevelopment lead to many problems, such as inadequate laws, la* enforcement oflaws, judicial injustice and policy be ignored, and so on, problems and conflictsthrough different channels at all levels to focus petition structure, and continuously tothe central state organs concerned to gather petition large, repeat visits, file frequently.
Beijing, the capital and some provincial cities face tremendous pressure on socialstability. Petition bearing system as a whole transformation of social change andsocial stability of the mission, shown to solve the problem of poor and unaccustomedto it. The reform of the petition system has become the focus of public attention. Thispaper mainly from the following five major aspects of the petition systems basictheory, and the reform of study and discussion.
The first part is the outlines of petition system. This paper is divided into sevenaspects of the concept of the letters, and the nature and function, historicaldevelopment, institutional setup, adjustment, Petition main rights and obligations ofthe petition and the types of activities described characteristics:(I)The concept ofthe petition system (abbreviated).(II)the petition system and the nature of a functionof the nature of the petition system. 1 .petition system is the constitutional guaranteeof the democratic rights of citizens, the petition system is a special administrativerelief system communication is the political system in recent years. 2. the petitionsystem functions: (1) Petition is the peoples political participation, e*pressed interestin the system, as well as safeguarding and realizing the peoples economic interestsand democratic rights of the important means. (2) Petition individual right to thecontrol of public power is a civic oversight of the e*ecutive power, judicial power inan effective way. (3) The petition system of the party and the government and itsresponsible person close ties with the masses and public opinion to understand thesocial conditions of an institutionalized form. (4) The petition system deepeningregime legitimacy, and safeguard social stability. (5) Petition work of building awell-off society and building a socialist harmonious society is unique role. (III) Thethe petition systems development, from the ancient system of direct appeal begins,the new China dates back to the establishment of the petition system, From this wecan see that the current petition system in ancient China and the direct appeal systemand the continuous e*istence of inheritance relations. (IV) Chinas Petition bodiesformed and operational procedures:This paper elaborated on Chinas huge petitionbodies scattered, and assign different lower specifications, to solve the problem oflack of resources and real power, and the notice of "individual responsibility.
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