毕业论文：An Analysis of Social-Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese

An Analysis of Social-Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Family Names

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the
Degree of Bachelor of Arts

Table of Contents
Ⅰ. Introduction..................................................................................................1
Ⅱ. The Origins of Family Names in English Countries and China..............2
2.1. The Origin of English Family Name............................................................2
2.1.1. The period of having no family name in England..............................2
2.1.2. The Forming of English Family Name……………………………….3
2.2. The Origin of Chinese Family Name………………………………………3
2.2.1. The Forming of *ing姓……………………………………………..3
2.2.2 The Forming of Shi氏.........................................................................4
2.2.3 The Forming of Chinese Family Name………………………………5
Ⅲ. The Types of Family Names in the Two Societies......................................6
3.1. Types of English Family Name....
……（新文秘网https://www.wm114.cn省略1620字，正式会员可完整阅读）……　
e formed can help us enhance our cross-cultural communicative competences. Through e*ploring the different origins of family names, the types of family names and the orders of family names in English and Chinese names, a conclusion can be drawn that there are obvious cultural differences under the two social backgrounds. Namely, the former stresses on the individualism and freedom in English countries , but the latter emphasizes on the hierarchy and family values in China.

Key words: English and Chinese family names / social cultural difference / cross-cultural communicative competence / individualism / family values

摘要：一个人的名字不仅仅是一种社会符号，也是反映文化内涵的载体。作为姓名的一部分，姓氏体现了社会和z-教价值观，并与不同国家的历史背景，z-教信仰，社会潮流以及人们的意愿密切相关。对于姓氏的理解有利于提高我们自身的跨文化交际能力。通过对中英国家姓氏的起源，类型，以及其在姓名中的先后顺序的介绍，本文得出这样一个结论：英语国家的人们更加注重于个人主义和_精神，而中国人则倾向于强调氏族等级制度和家庭观念。

关键词：中英姓氏; 社会文化差异；跨文化交际能力；个人主义；家庭观念



Ⅰ. Introduction
Family name, also called surname in English countries, is the product of social development and evolution. It plays an important role in promoting social communication and political life, strengthening economical connections and cultural activities and understanding the traditional customs. As one of the most significant part of a name, family name not only represents the relationship between individual and family, but the relationship between society and culture. Therefore, family name as a kind of social phenomenon and complicated psychological process, reveals social reality to some e*tent. The form and use of family name are developing progressively with the evolution of history and changing of the whole society. Through analysing the origins, the types and the orders of family name, the different social culture and attitudes towards family name from English countries and China can be concluded.
In this article, some concrete and real e*amples about family name from English countries and China are illustrated to prove those misunderstandings in intercultural communication and the related reasons. Although family names in the two societies both e*perience a similar history period from none*istence to e*istence, their processes that how the family names were formed are completely different. English family names cannot be separated from foreign aggression, such as the conquer of Norman from France. On contrast, Chinese family name is the product that every clan or tribe developed within China.


Ⅱ. The Origins of Family Names in English Countries and China
2.1. The Origin of English Family Name
2.1.1. The Period of Having No Family Name in England
In general, the systems of English family name from different English countries are basically consistent, but Britain’s system is the most typical one for its long history. It is said that ancient English people just have a name without family name. The names of Anglo-Sa*on are very simple and made of common nouns. However, when name a baby, there is a very important principle that his name must not be as same as any other person. Besides, a custom is created that out of respect, the name of a died person cannot be mentioned or used again.
Generally speaking, a name is unique to a person forever. Whereas, the
number of names is becoming more and more with the rapidly increasing population. As a result, a lot of problems and confusions were caused in daily communication at that time and people had to choose same name. According to A Dictionary of English Surnames and Christian Names,“Henry, John, Richard, Robert and William w ……（未完，全文共25300字，当前仅显示4551字，请阅读下面提示信息。收藏《毕业论文：An Analysis of Social-Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese》）